The Impact Of Contaminated Water On Public Health (2024)

The Burden of Waterborne Diseases in the United States

Waterborne diseases significantly impact public health, leading to millions of illnesses, numerous emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and even deaths each year. In 2014 alone, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that 7.15 million illnesses were caused by 17 waterborne pathogens in the United States. These illnesses resulted in 601,000 emergency department visits, 118,000 hospitalizations, and 6,630 deaths, with direct healthcare costs amounting to $3.33 billion.

Common Waterborne Diseases

Several pathogens are responsible for most waterborne diseases, including bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The CDC has identified the following as the most common waterborne diseases in the United States:

• Otitis Externa ("Swimmer’s Ear"): The most common waterborne disease, with an estimated 4.67 million cases, accounting for 65% of total illnesses.
• Norovirus Infection: Responsible for about 1.33 million cases (19% of total illnesses), this highly contagious virus spreads through contaminated water or food.
• Giardiasis: Caused by the Giardia parasite, this disease affects approximately 415,000 people (6% of total illnesses), leading to diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain.
• Cryptosporidiosis: This parasitic infection causes around 322,000 cases (5% of total illnesses), with symptoms including severe diarrhea and stomach cramps.
• Campylobacteriosis: With 171,000 cases (2% of total illnesses), this bacterial infection results from consuming contaminated water or food and leads to diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.

Healthcare Costs of Waterborne Diseases

Waterborne diseases not only lead to widespread illness but also result in significant healthcare costs. The highest combined hospitalization and emergency department (ED) costs in 2014 were associated with:

• Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection: $1.53 billion (46% of total direct healthcare costs)
• Otitis Externa ("Swimmer’s Ear"): $564 million (17%)
• Pseudomonas Pneumonia: $453 million (14%)
• Legionnaires’ Disease: $402 million (12%)
• Pseudomonas Septicemia: $214 million (6%)

Private Wells and Water Testing

Private well owners must proactively ensure the safety of their drinking water, as these supplies are not regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Regular testing is crucial to detect potential contaminants and protect against waterborne diseases. Owners should test their water at least annually, especially after flooding or if there are changes in taste or smell.

The Role of Chemical Exposure Lawsuits

Chemical exposure lawsuits, such as AFFF lawsuits involving PFAS contamination and the Camp Lejeune water contamination lawsuit, are critical in protecting public health and holding responsible parties accountable. These lawsuits aim to provide compensation to affected individuals and raise awareness about the dangers of waterborne contaminants.

Collaborative Efforts for Water Safety

Ensuring water safety requires collaboration between government agencies, environmental organizations, and communities. Government agencies must enforce stringent water quality standards and support research into advanced water treatment technologies. Environmental organizations play a vital role in advocating for stronger policies and educating the public, while community involvement ensures local water sources are protected.

Conclusion

Waterborne diseases pose a severe threat to public health, underscoring the importance of maintaining water safety and accountability. By pursuing chemical exposure lawsuits, promoting collaborative efforts, and remaining vigilant, we can protect public health and ensure access to clean drinking water for all.